贵阳花溪古茶树遗传进化的SNP分析

试验采用SNP(单核苷酸多态性)技术对贵阳花溪古茶树资源的遗传多样性、群体结构和遗传进化进行了分析.结果表明,利用生物信息学分析古茶树样品的重测序数据,获得了1 656 258个SLAF标签,古茶树样品平均测序深度为24.21x,其中多态性的SLAF标签有462 897个,共得到283 376个高一致性的群体SNP标记.从基于SNP标记获得的进化树可以看出,来自相近地方的古茶树在进化树上基本上处于相近位置,但是花溪古茶树存在着广泛的遗传变异,主成分分析(PCA)获得了与进化树一致的结果.群体结构分析可清晰地把古茶树资源分为乔木型和灌木型2个类群.乔木型古茶树位于进化树下部,而灌木型古茶树处于进化树上部,表明茶树是由乔木型向灌木型进化的.     

高丹草杂种及其亲本转录组SNP及等位基因特异性表达分析

为探究高丹草杂种及其亲本间单核苷酸变异与其杂种优势形成的关系, 以高丹草杂种及其亲本的根、茎和叶组织为试验材料, 采用Illumina Hiseq 2000进行转录组测序。对平均长度达58 122 160 bp的各测序样品序列信息进行检测后, 均检测到不少于58 000个SNP位点, 位于基因内的SNP个数显著多于位于基因间的SNP个数, SNP发生频率为1/741 bp, 平均转换颠换比为1.00∶1.53。在所有变异类型中, C/T和G/A发生频率最高。经过筛选得到198 (21%)个极显著偏向性等位基因表达偏向性SNP, 其中65%偏向父本白壳苏丹草, 并且很多在白壳苏丹草中具有高水平基因表达的转录本, 在高丹草杂种中的等位基因表达也偏向白壳苏丹草。在3种组织中, 分别有79%、78%和82%转录本的2个亲本等位基因表现出相对平衡的表达水平, 说明与顺式作用相比, 反式作用可能更多地影响了等位基因的特异性表达。选择6个极显著偏向性等位基因表达偏向性SNP-unigene进行qRT-PCR验证, 这些基因的差异基因表达模式与RNA-Seq分析结果一致。本研究采用Illumina 测序技术研究等位基因表达, 为高丹草杂种优势分析提供了依据, 也为其他饲草作物的相关研究提供了理论参考。     

柱型苹果MdCoLBD1/2基因生物信息学及SNP分析

柱型苹果(Columnar apple)是苹果株型育种的珍贵资源.利用同源基因克隆方法,以柱型苹果"威塞克旭"一年生枝上休眠期芽cDNA为模板,克隆得到了LOB DOMAIN家族(LBD)的2个同源基因,命名为MdCoLBD1/2,分别编码195和240个氨基酸.该基因有LBD家族的典型结构域,如C盒、GAS盒、亮氨酸拉链(Leu zipper)结构以及LOB Domain区域等.MdCoLBD1/2分别定位于第10条染色体Chr10:18985568..19005801和MdCoLBD2 Chr10:18985594..19005850区间.MdCoLBD1/2与白梨、葡萄、草莓、椰子、梅、核桃的氨基酸的相似性均在60%以上.聚类分析表明MdCoLBD1和白梨、梅、草莓亲缘关系较近,MdCoLBD2与葡萄、核桃亲缘关系较近,MdCoLBD1/2与亚洲棉、陆地棉的聚类关系均较远.通过测序分析了MdCoLBD1/2基因在30个不同类型材料中的碱基序列差异,得到MdCoLBD1有8个碱基差异位点,MdCoLBD2有5个碱基差异位点.     

基于SNP标记的玉米株高及穗位高QTL定位

为进一步弄清玉米株高和穗位高的遗传机理,为育种生产提供服务,本研究以K22×CI7、K22×Dan3402个F₂群体为作图群体,利用覆盖玉米10条染色体的SNP标记构建了2个连锁图谱。并将这2个F₂群体衍生的分别含237和218个家系的F_2:3群体用于田间性状的鉴定。用复合区间作图模型对2个群体的株高、穗位高表型进行QTL定位分析,结果显示,在武汉和南宁两种环境条件下共定位到21个株高QTL和27个穗位高QTL;单个QTL表型变异贡献率的变幅为4.9%~17.9%;株高和穗位高QTL的作用方式以加性和部分显性为主;第7染色体上可能存在控制株高和穗位高的主效QTL。     

MARINE FISH PRODUCTION AND MARKETING FOR A CHINESE FOOD MARKET: A TRANSACTION COST PERSPECTIVE

ABSTRACT

From a transaction cost perspective, this paper shows how the tradition of consuming marine fish by the majority of Hong Kong's Chinese citizens has shaped the means and modes of marketing seafood in Hong Kong. It is argued that consumer preferences stimulate aquaculture as a non-open access measure to bypass state fish marketing regulations. This has resulted in two outcomes. First, the transaction cost savings on metering output quantity and quality under private property have led not only to the collapse of the state monopoly on marine fish marketing, but also to the emergence of the (then new but) currently popular kind of Chinese seafood restaurant in Hong Kong. Second, consumer preferences for variety have shaped the form of coordination between the producer and the consumer. The advantage of market coordination has led to the emergence of a system of wholesaling and retailing rather than vertical integration. Issues concerning the emergence of Hong Kong as a regional live marine fish production and trading centre are discussed in terms of the contribution of local mariculture to sustainable development.     

Taste Compounds and Biofunctional Activities of the Sandy Beach Clam Hydrolysate for the Shellfish Flavoring Condiment

ABSTRACT

Sandy beach clam meat was hydrolyzed with proteases (Alcalase and Flavozyme) for the manufacture of a natural flavoring condiment. The optimal conditions for the enzymatic hydrolysis of the shellfish meat via the response surface methodology were: temperature, 54.7°C; pH, 5.9; time, 45 h. The total amino acid content of the shellfish hydrolysate was 9,218.8 mg/100 g and consisted mainly of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, arginine, lysine, and leucine. Nucleotides and their related compounds of the shellfish hydrolysate consisted mainly of adenosine diphosphate (0.86 mg/100 g), adenosine monophosphate (11.24 mg/100 g), and inosine (49.03 mg/100 g). The shellfish hydrolysate resulted in three protein peaks in the Bio-Rad P2 gel chromatography pattern. The antioxidant activity was highest at Peak 1 (64.67%), followed by Peak 2 (27.48%) and Peak 3 (16.67%); whereas the angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity was highest at Peak 3 (67.27%), followed by Peak 2 (6.14%). Antitumor activity was highest at Peak 1 (18.77%), followed by Peak 2 (8.75%). All the sensory attributes of the shellfish condiment were scored highly. Therefore, the sand beach clam hydrolysate can be commercialized as an ingredient of a natural flavoring condiment or seasoning.     

一种基于变性高效液相色谱技术筛选单核苷酸多态性并估算基因频率的方法

选取生产性能具有明显差异的4个鸡品种(莱航鸡、隐性白洛克鸡、丝羽乌骨鸡和杏花鸡)为材料,利用变性高效液相色谱(DHPLC)技术检测鸡生长激素基因部分序列(518bp)的多态性,快速筛查到5个可能与生产性能相关的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)．根据DHPLC杂合谱型与测序基因型一一对应的关系,介绍了当所检测目的DNA片段中含有多个SNPs时基因频率估算的简单方法,比较估算的和PCR-RFLP统计的基因频率,发现差异不显著,证明该估算方法有一定的可行性．     

利用SNP高密度遗传连锁图谱定位甘蓝型油菜种子硫苷含量的QTL

种子硫苷在甘蓝型油菜中有着重要的生物学作用和经济价值。本文旨在通过复合区间作图法利用高密度SNP遗传连锁图谱定位种子硫苷的QTL。用近红外扫描获得种子硫苷含量,每株系扫描3次,取平均值。所用的高密度SNP遗传图谱包含2795个SNP多态性标记位点,图谱总长1832.9 cM,相邻标记间平均距离为0.66 cM。定位了2年的种子硫苷含量QTL,其中有5个在2年内被重复检测到,分别分布在A03、A09和C02染色体上,LOD阈值在2.90~10.40之间。这些QTL在2011和2012年试验中分别解释了56.9%和55.1%的表型变异。另外有5个QTL仅在其中一年被检测到,这些QTL能够解释4.1%~7.9%的表型变异,QTL阈值在2.53~3.83之间。     

小麦条锈菌3个看家基因SNP引物的首次报道

In order to analyze the population structure of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), SNPs primers of Pst were developed from DNA sequences of nine house-keeping genes Chs, Act, Mapk1, Tub, Cdc2, Rd, Sm, Ls and Ef-1α obtained from GenBank. Eight of which were from Pst and one from P. graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt). Thirteen pairs of primers were designed and screened based on at least 30 isolates of Pst obtained from diverse locations. Three of them were polymorphic namely Map1351S/Map1683A, Cd28S/Cd352A and Ef137S/Ef531A. Polymorphic loci analysis based on 149 Pst isolates from 5 provinces indicated that the three primers had good polymorphism. Cd28S/Cd352A had 8 polymorphic loci, three of them were phylogenetically informative. Ef137S/Ef531A had 6 polymorphic loci and 4 of them were informative. Map1351S/Map1683A had 8 polymorphic loci and 4 were informative. The 3 primers were used for analyzing Pst population and revealed the ancestral origin, phylogeny relation of haplotypes, genetic differentiation of the population, gene flow, and the evolution and migration relation between Pst populations thereby. The findings indicate that the 3 genes SNP primers can be used for Pst population genetic structure analysis.